A proof document which represents, to the limit of technology, the way a finished print job will actually appear after printing. Match ProofA proof document, usually an ink-jet variety, that has not been calibrated to match press output and does not reflect the way a finished print job will actually appear after printing.Uncalibrated ProofThe process whereby one color of ink is printed on top of another color; this is usually done with color blocks that print over or around small black type. The opposite of overprinting is called a ‘knockout’ (see ‘Knockout’ elsewhere in this glossary).OverprintThe color model used for print work. The abbreviation CMYK stands for the four ink colors used in full-process color printing: C for Cyan, M for Magenta, Y for Yellow, and K for black. The letter K is used for black to avoid confusing it with an abbreviation for any other possible ink color (such as B for Brown ink).CMYKThe color model used to display images on a TV or computer screen. RGB (Red / Green / Blue) color images must be coverted into CMYK images via computer software before they can be printed using a printing press.RGBThe process in which color blocks lying next to one another in a document are artificially enlarged to overlap one another, or shrunk to avoid overlapping one another when printed. This is done to prevent white lines from appearing between text and color blocks in a knockout’ (see elsewhere in this glossary) Trapping is performed prior to platemaking using sophisticated software tools.TrappingA form of trapping in which two or more elements within a document are artificially reduced in size so that they will not overlap each other when printing.ChokeA form of trapping in which two or more elements within a document are artificially enlarged in size so that they will overlap each other slightly when printing.SpreadThe time a printed piece is scheduled to begin printing.Press TimeAbbreviation for Portable Document Format, a cross-platform standard for transmission and reproduction of digital documents, invented by the Adobe company. PDF/x-1a is a particular version of a PDF that automatically embeds all fonts and converts all RGB images to CMYK prior to saving.PDFAn image that contains no screened elements, but is composed solely of individual dots of ink that are touching each other. The minimum acceptable resolution for bitmap graphics to be printed is 300 dpi (‘dots per inch’). Bitmap graphics for computer display only may have as low as 72 dpi resolution, but this resolution is not suitable for printing.Bitmap GraphicA type of proof made directly from film negatives, used to check a document prior to printing. Since negatives are used to produce it, a blueline is one of the most accurate representations available of how a printed piece will look. A blueline does not show color, however, as it is reproduced in blue tones only.BluelineThe division of an image into its component colors prior to printing. Each color separation is a separate plate or piece of film. Full process color separations are comprised of 4 plates or negs, one each for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black (CMYK).Color SeparationA mathematical interpretation or algorithm of an image that reduces the file size of a digital document. Many computer files are compressed to make them smaller and thus easier to send via e-mail or the internet, or for storage purposes.CompressionSmall lines on a printed piece which show the bindery department where the document should be trimmed or cut apart.Crop MarksThe effect of ink spreading out as it is applied to paper, much like a drop of colored water spreads out as it drops onto a napkin. In order to produce superior print work, dot gain must be controlled or compensated for before or during the printing process. This is usually done in prepress with sophisticated software tools. Dot GainThe process that converts a continuous-tone photograph (original) into an image comprised of dots varying in size within evenly spaced rows known as a ‘screen’. Dark areas of the original photo are represented with larger dots, light areas are represented with smaller dots. The screen frequency, in lpi (‘lines per inch’) defines the maximum size of each dot in the halftone. The smaller the line frequency, the larger the maximum size of any given dot, and therefore, the coarser the representation of the original. Conversely, the large the screen frequency, the finer the representation. Typical newspaper line frequencies are in the 85 to 100 lpi range. Dots are spoken of in terms of percentages; a 100% dot would fill its entire given area, and so would touch the surrounding 100% dots, giving the darkest image possible. A 50% dot would cover 50% of its given area, providing a medium level of darkness within a halftoned image. In the past, halftoning was done manually using film negatives. Today, most halftoning is done within a computer prior to film imaging or platemaking.HalftoningRaster Image Processor. A software program that converts native digital file formats into a generic form that can be interpreted, delivered electronically and faithfully reproduced by a film imagesetter or computer-to-plate device. The term ‘raster’ refers to the process that cathode-ray tubes shoot a beam of light across the width of a television screen or other image-producing device, re-creating the image one line at a time at a speed of up to 15,000+ lines per second (in the case of a television set, for example). Raster image processors break up an image into individual lines of data, and re-assemble those lines at the output device.RIPAbbreviation for Tagged Image File Format. A digital file format that is a standard for exchange between software applications. A tiff is typically a bitmapped image (see Glossary under ‘Bitmap Graphic’).TIFFAbbreviation for’Copies Per Hour’, referencing the speed of a production machine.cphBook format with or without staplesFlexiDelivers Product for two side cuts then 1 back cut.3-Knife TrimmerGMA made inserter. Can insert 10 products into 1.Alpha Liner InserterAbbreviation for ‘cost per 1000’, a standard pricing metric for print work.CPM“To come” Meaning information to come at a later time.TKAdvertising Supplement made for machine insertion. InsertProduct ran with an off set fold. This allows machines to open product for insertionLap foldA trial print or sheet of printed material that is used to check against the original document, and upon which needed corrections are marked to be made prior to printing.ProofPrinters’ symbols, usual a cross centered in a circle, applied to the outer edges of original art and used for positioning color plates in perfect alignment when printing. Register marks are usually trimmed off of the final product.Register MarksSpecial software for controlling how postscript fonts print and display on screen. If your fonts are printing in low resolution or look jaggy on screen you may need to install ATM. Another reason your font won’t display properly is you don’t have the screen version inistalled. And if the font won’t print properly the font isn’t installed on your computer.ATM (Adobe Type Manager)A sketched representation of ad placement in a publicationThumbnail“Computer to Plate”. This is a type of imaging process our system uses. It uses an ultra violet light laser to burn the image on the plate.CTPAn undesirable interference pattern caused by the overlay of two or more screened elements of a printed piece. Moires usually occur because improper screen angles have been preset for a color print job.MoireThe relative amount of ink applied to a web or sheet of paper, translated to a numerical value. Ink densities are usually represented in values from 0 to 1.00, in increments of 1/100th. They also can be represented by percentages, as in ‘50% Black’. Densities are also used to define the relative light-blocking or light-transmitting properties (i.e., transparency) of film negatives.DensityAbbreviation for ‘Lines Per Inch’, meaning the actual number of dots of ink that can be counted along a one inch axis of a printed half-tone image or screened area. LPI is measured in one direction only, by the inch, and is also referred to as the ‘line frequency’ or ‘screen ruling’. Typical line frequency values are 85 lpi and 100 lpi for web printing, 133 lpi and 150 lpi for sheet-fed printing. The larger the lpi, the smaller each dot will be and the more fine detail the printable image will contain.lpiThe use of the four basic ink colors, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black (CMYK) when printing to produce a printed image that simulates the full range of colors that can be seen in the natural world. Also referred to as ‘full color’ or ‘4 over 4’.Process ColorAlso known as PMS, a standard used to identify / define colors for printing purposes. Most desktop publishing software packages now use the Pantone Matching System to insure accurate color reproduction when proofing and printing.Pantone Matching SystemThe collection of characters that comprise a specific style of type. ‘Times Roman’ is the name of a font.FontIn printing, an image that extends off the edge of the page or envelope.BleedA common way of imposing sheet fed plates so that the front and back of a printed piece are printed on the same side of a sheet. The sheet is then turned over to finish the job, using a common side of the sheet called the gripper side. Work and TurnThe thickness of paper, usually measured in thousands of an inch.CaliperPrint job mechanicals, also known as ‘flats’ which are ready to be transferred to film negatives or to printing plates. Copy or art which is ready for photography in the plate making process - mechanical, Velox or Stat.Camera ReadyBrand name for a press proofing system which provides match proofs for a cold web press using off-the-shelf ink jet printers.SeeColorA term of measurement used in the print industry, a pica is equal to 1/6 of one inch.picaThe process of taking a high-resolution file and digitally reducing the number of pixels used to represent the file. This works fine for a file that will be only viewed on a computer monitor or posted on the Web, but if done to extreme can severely damage the image quality of a file that will be digitally printed.DownsamplingA software utility which makes it possible for Macintosh computers to smoothly render PostScript Type 1 font on a computer screen. This utility is installed in the System Folder on Mac OS 9 (or earlier) system computers.Adobe Type ManagerAn extra channel of data. Image-editing applications will use alpha channels typically to store information (both eight-bit grayscale and vector) on masks, cliipping paths, and spot colors.Alpha ChannelA standard method of representing text as numerical data designed or iginal ly to be used by Telet ype and Linotype machines.The or iginal set consists of 128 characters; this was expanded in the 1980s to 256 characters.Those two sets are also called seven-bit data and eight-bit data respectively. ASCII is an abbreviation for Amer ican Standard Code fo Information Interchange. Even today,“ASCII data ” is used most often to refer to the original seven-bit character set.ASCII dataA film, plate, or printing artefact caused by digital output that makes a gradient screen appear to have discrete tonal steps or ‘bands’ instead of a smooth graduation in tonality. Banding was more pronounced in PostScript Level 1 than in subsequent implementations, but it can still be found in some large-format output. Banding can also be found in non-gradient screens, and for other, mechanical reasons.BandingA mask applied to, and usually saved with, a specific graphic, which hides unwanted parts of the image. A cl ipping path can be as simple as a square frame for the picture or as complicated as an intricate knock-out and can be described by either vector or raster data.Clipping PathRecognized by large square flap, and side seams. Used for greeting cards, invitations, and social announcements.Announcement (A-size)Recognized by large pointed flap, and diagonal seams. Used for greeting cards, invitations, and social announcements.BaronialA series of 62 vertical bars and spaces that represent a zip +4 code, the last 2 digits of the primary street address number (or PO box, etc.) and a correction digit. Used by the Postal Service to speed mail processing. A delivery point barcode (DPBC) allows automated sortation of letter-sized mail pieces to the carrier route level in walk sequence. Barcodes generate delivery / routing information at the Post Office as mail passes through OCR scanners. If not preprinted, space must be available on the bottom right of the envelope for the bar code.Bar CodeRaised design stamped in paper, without foil or ink. Can be done before the envelope is folded so that design is not debossed onto the back of the envelope.Blind EmbossGrade of writing or printing papers, often used for letterheads and matching envelopes. Characterized by strength, rigidity, relatively low opacity, and erasability. Sometimes with cotton fiber contentBond Grade1) A large, Open Side envelope for catalogs, annual reports, and brochures. This style is gaining popularity over traditional Catalog (open end) envelopes because it can be used with automatic inserting machines.BookletStands for Business Reply Envelope. Normally printed one color with standard business reply copy.BREDescribes a large Open-End envelope usually with a center seam.CatalogMetal fastener on Booklet and Catalog envelopes, allowing for repeated opening and closing of the envelope.ClaspGeneral term for the most common style of business envelopes. Open Side usually with diagonal seams.CommercialReturn address and other identification of the sender in the upper left-hand corner.Corner CardSeam style frequently used in Commercial Open Side envelopes, invitation and baronial envelopes.Diagonal SeamPrecision tool used to cut out envelope blanks, windows or other shapes.DieA common printing technique by which a halftone is printed in two ink colors, most often black and another color.DuotoneA process performed to stamp a raised image into the surface of paper, using engraved metal dies, extreme pressure and heat.EmbossingEnvelope with a gusset or box bottom and sides, allowing it to expand for bulky mailings.Expansion EnvelopeStands for Facing Identification Markings; preprinted bars on the face of the envelope located at the top right corner of the envelope.FIMThe surface properties of a paper, including smoothness, gloss, and texture. A paper can be smooth or textured, coated or uncoated, soft or hard. Different finishes offer different printing characteristics and their own relative advantages and disadvantages. The finish of an envelope paper contributes greatly to the emotional judgment about quality. A slightly textured surface, such as vellum or antique, can impart a sense of higher quality than the very smooth surface of a white wove.FinishA smooth dense semi-transparent paper. Sometimes used as window patch material, but losing popularity compared to the new polystyrene materials which are more transparent and less sensitive to moisture. Glassine is biodegradable and recyclable.GlassineAn adhesive to seal paper envelopes. Some gums take moisture to seal, others such as latex gums will adhere to themselves.GumAn envelope box made from either E-flute corrugated or a coated wrapped rigid board.Hard BoxAn imprint, also known as a ‘mail bug’, that describes the mail classification, city of origin, and permit number. A permit indicia is printed in place of a mailing stamp or meter stamp. Normally located on the upper right corner of an envelope which is preprinted and requires no postage stamp.IndiciaSeam construction on Catalog or Booklet envelope where the seam glues beneath the back panel.Inside Side SeamPrinted design on the inside of the envelope. Used for added opacity and/or for graphic interest.Inside TintType of paper finish, characterized by a closely lined appearance.LaidAn adhesive used to seal envelope flaps which sticks to itself. It is usually placed on flap and bak of the envelope. When the two gum surfaces meet, it seals. No moisture is required.Latex/Latex Auto SealA generic term for any printing process in which the image area and the non-image area exist on the same plate and are separated by a chemical repulsion. Usually oil based offset printing.Litho1) A semi-bleached chemical sulfate paper. Not as strong as Kraft, but with better printing qualities. 2) Light ecru commonly associated with manila stock.ManilaStyle of envelope in which the opening is on the shorter side.Open EndDie cut opening for a window envelope that does not have patch material behind it.Open PanelStyle of envelope in which the opening is on the longer side.Open SideTerm used for adhesive which is exposed by peeling away coated release paper. Will adhere without moisture.Peel & SealThe back of an envelope where it is glued together. Center Seam - on an Open End Catalog or Booklet where the seam runs down the middle of the back; Side Seam - on an Open End Catalog or Booklet where the seam is on the side of the envelope.SeamThe measurement in length and width of an envelope or window.SizeType of high quality paper, manufactured in white or colors from bleached chemical wood pulp and/or cotton fibers. Made in a wide variety of finishes, including antique, vellum, smooth, felt marked and embossed (linen). Often has a matching cover stock. Usually deeper colors than bond or writing grades. It is desirable to use an envelope that matches or complements the enclosure when used for annual reports, brochures or other prestigious mailings.TextFound on envelopes manufactured without flaps, such as filing and film storage. Can be cut on one side or double thumb cut through, for easier extraction of contents.Thumb CutSpunbonded olefin product manufactured by DuPont. Offers maximum protection and durability at a very light weight. Tyvek is unaffected by moisture and inert to most chemicals. Acid, lint and sulfide free. Often used for floppy disk and microfiche carriers where protection from acid, lint and abrasions is needed.TyvekTranslucent mark visible when sheet of paper is held up to the light.WatermarkCutout in the body of the envelope positioned to show mailing address, return address and/or special messages. Eliminates the duplication of effort and the potential for error in addressing envelopes. Usually covered with transparent window patch material. Can be left open with not patch, except in Canada.Window CutoutPaper having a uniform surface and no discernible marks. Soft, smooth finish, most widely used envelope paper. Relatively low opacity, brightness and bulk. However, recent changes in paper making from acid to alkaline sheets have improved the brightness. Most commonly run in white.WoveIN PAPER: the property which causes it to take up liquids or vapors in contact with it. IN OPTICS: the partial suppression of light through a transparent or translucent material.AbsorptionIN BINDING: a term used for two or more parallel folds which open like an accordion.Accordion FoldIN COLOR REPRODUCTION: red, green and blue (RGB). When lights of these colors are added together, they produce the sensation of white light.Additive PrimariesFolding or feeding paper at right angles to the grain direction of the paper.Against the GrainIN ARTWORK: a small pressure gun shaped like a pencil that sprays watercolor pigment. Used to correct and obtain tone or graduated tone effects. IN PLATEMAKING: used with an abrasive-like pumice to remove spots or other unwanted areas. IN ELECTRONIC IMAGING: a retouching technique.AirbrushPaper made with a synthetic alkaline size and an alkaline filler like calcium carbonate which gives the paper over four times the life (200 years) of acid-sized papers (40-50 years).Alkaline Paperhalftone screening, as opposed to FM screening, has dots of variable size with equal spacing between dot centers (see halftone).AM (Amplitude Modulation)off-press color proof made from separation films.Analog Color ProofIN FLEXOGRAPHY: two roll inking system with a smooth fountain roll that transfers inks to an etched metal or ceramic coated metal roll with cells of fixed size and depth that transfer the ink to the plate. Also used in keyless offset.Anilox InkingIN PHOTOGRAPHY: coating applied to back of film to prevent halation.Anti-halation BackingIN PRINTING: dry spray of finely powdered starch used on press to prevent wet ink from transferring from the top of one sheet to the bottom of the next sheet.Anti-offset or Set-off Spraya term describing the surface, usually on book and cover pages, that has a natural rough finish.Antique FinishIN PHOTOGRAPHY: lens opening or lens stop expressed as an f/no. such as f/22.ApertureIN PHOTOGRAPHY: color-corrected lenses which focus the three colors, blue, green and red, in the same plane.Apochromaticthe replacement of a low resolution image by a high resolution image.APR (Automatic Picture Replacement)Free On Board (FOB) means that the seller pays for transportation of the goods to the port of shipment, plus loading costs. The buyer pays freight, insurance, unloading costs and transportation from the port of destination to his factory. The passing of risks occurs when the goods pass the ship's rail at the port of shipment. Internationally the term specifies the port of origin, e.g. "FOB New York" or "FOB Vancouver". Domestically within the United States and Canada, the term is used in two common phrases, "FOB shipping point" and "FOB destination," to distinguish when the title of goods passes from the seller to the buyer. Under the terms of "FOB shipping point," the title of the goods passes to the buyer at the shipping point. Similarly, under the terms of "FOB destination", the title of the goods passes to the buyer when the goods arrive at their destination. The distinction is important because it determines who pays for the shipping costs of the merchandise: whoever holds the title to the merchandise at the time of its shipping pays for its transportation costs unless otherwise noted (e.g., freight prepaid or freight collect). Also, it is important that if the shipment is damaged while traveling the owner must file the freight claim. Note that this usage is inconsistent with the official Incoterm definitions, and should not be used for international shipping. North American FOB definitions correspond to Incoterm approximately as follows: * FOB shipping point or FOB shipping point, freight collect: FCA shipping point * FOB shipping point, freight prepaid: CPT destination * FOB destination or FOB destination, freight prepaid: DDU destination * FOB destination, freight collect: not commonly used, no Incoterm equivalent With the advent of e-commerce, most commercial electronic transactions occur under the terms of "FOB shipping point" or "FCA shipping point". Most analysts see this as a disadvantage of online shopping compared to traditional in-person purchasing, where "FOB destination" is more prevalent. When counting inventory, merchandise in transit plays a crucial role depending on whether it is added to the company's balance sheet. Items under "FOB shipping point/destination" are checked to see if the purchaser has title of the goods. If it does, then they are added to the inventory count, but not the balance sheet. If not, they are treated as would items under consignment, meaning they still belong to the supplier (consignor).FOB (Free On Board)The dimension of a mail piece expressed as a ratio of length (the direction parallel to the address) divided by the height.  An example would be a postcard 5 1/2" long by 3 1/2" high has an aspect ration of 1.57.  An aspect ratio between 1.3 and 2.5 is required for postage automation discounts and to avoid non-standard postal surcharges.Aspect RatioA postage reduction for mailers who barcode their mail pieces and meet other requirements (such as paper weight, tabbing, proper folding, etc) for automated mailings.Automation discountA rectangular area in the lower right part of a letter-size mail piece that is kept free of printing to allow space for a barcode to be applied and read by automated processing equipment.Barcode Clear ZoneAbbreviation for Bulk Mail Entry Unit.  This is the area of the Post Office where mailers present presorted and permitted bulk mail for acceptance. Most post offices do not accept bulk mailings.BMEUThis service allows mailers to receive mail back from customers and pay for the postage on those returned pieces.  These envelopes must be properly formatted and approved by the Post Office.BRE - Business Reply EnvelopeA mailing list which includes all addresses that a particular carrier would deliver to.  Carrier routes include city routes, rural routes, PO Boxes and general delivery units.Carrier RouteA mailing list that is sorted down to the individual carrier, not necessarily in order of delivery, and qualifies the mailer for very favorable postage rates. This level of sorting is the 2nd-highest level (just below walk-sequence sorting, which offers the lowest postage rates available).Carrier Route PresortedCoding Accuracy Support System.  CASS certification is a process required by the Post Office for mailers who want to present mail for any type of postage discounts, including includes First Class presorted and Standard Class presorted mail.  The CASS certification is typically done with software and is required to be completed within 1 year prior to submitting a presorted mailing to the post office.CASS CertificationAn envelope provided to customers to allowing them to provide feedback or other information back to the mailing or print company. The customer returning information to the mailer / printer pays the postage.CRE - Courtesy Reply EnvelopeA marking on a mail piece that indicates handling instructions or a desired service to be provided (for a fee) by the Post Office in the event that the mail piece is not deliverable as addressed.EndorsementDefinition of a particular kind of mail. Specs for a ‘flat’ are as follows (Sept. 2009): maximum weight of 13 ounces, shape rectangular unless greater than 1/4" thick.  Minimum of more than 11 1/2" long or more than 6 1/8" high or more than 1/4" thick.  Maximum of 15" long, 12" high and 3/4 inches thickness.  Longest side must be parallel to the way the address is read.Flat (mail piece)A particular size of mail piece. Specifications: min. 3 1/2" high, max. 6 1/8" high; min. 5" long, max. 11 1/2". Minimum thickness of .007” and maximum thickness of 1/4".Letter sizeMail that can be processed on mechanized USPS mail sorting equipment.MachinableAny class of mail which has postage printed on it by a USPS approved postage meter.Metered mailA mail piece that, according to USPS standards, cannot be sorted on mail processing equipment because of size, shape, content or address legibility. This type of mail must be processed manually and may be subject to nonmachinable surcharges.Non-machinableOptical Character Reader. An automated mail sorting machine that scans address information, interprets it, then prints a corresponding barcode information onto the piece.OCRA mailing account established with the USPS. When you print an indicia (also known as a ‘mail bug’) on your mail pieces, the mail is considered to be ‘postage paid’. Once accepted for mailing, the postage due is deducted from your permit account, and the pieces are mailed.Mail PermitDocumentation provided by the mailer to the Post Office that describes all aspects of the mailing, including the number of pieces being mailed, payment type (meter, permit imprint or pre-cancelled stamps) and postage rates being claimed for the type of mail sortation. This information is usually generated by mail-processing software, such as Satori’s Bulk Mailer.Postage StatementA size and kind of mail piece. USPS Specifications: Not less than 3 1/2" high, 5" long and .007 thickness.  Not more than 4 1/4" high, 6" long and .016" thick.  Rectangular in shape.postcard (post card)The process by which a mailer prepares mail for discounted postage rates.PresortA mail piece designed to enter the mail stream without the use of an envelope. Self mailerA printed line on a mail piece that mailers use to indicate desired handling instructions to the post office for mail that is not deliverable as addressed.Service EndorsementA class of mail weighing less than 16 ounces. Types of standard class mail are: circulars, printed matter, pamphlets, catalogs, newsletters and direct mail.  Standard class mail may be sent at presorted rates or at automation rates. Standard Class MailA mailing sortating that puts the mail in exact order in which the carrier delivers their route. This order is required for most carrier route presorted mail.Walk Sequence SortationDie used to cut unusual envelope sizes.Adjustable Die CutRecognized by large square flap, and side seams. used for greeting cards, invitations, and social announcements.Announcement (A-size) EnvelopeRecognized by large pointed flap, and diagonal seams. Used for greeting cards, invitiations, and social announcements.Baronial EnvelopePicture with gradations of tone, formed by dots of varying sizes in one color.HalftoneDouble truck refers to a pair of facing pages, usually the center two pages in a newspaper section, with content that stretches over both pages and typically into the gutter between the two pages (but not always). In a 16 page newspaper, which uses 4 sheets of paper to print on press, the pages are arranged as follows: * SHEET A FRONT: Pages 1 and 16 * SHEET A BACK: Pages 2 and 15 * SHEET B FRONT: Pages 3 and 14 * SHEET B BACK: Pages 4 and 13 * SHEET C FRONT: Pages 5 and 12 * SHEET C BACK: Pages 6 and 11 * SHEET D FRONT: Pages 7 and 10 * SHEET D BACK: Pages 8 and 9 - the ‘double truck’ Notice how, in this example, the two middle pages, 8 and 9, will appear next to each other on the back of sheet D. This creates a double truck. On a typical newspaper page, there is a margin on all four sides, say 1 inch all around. Obviously you don't want print running right against the edge of the paper, but you also don't want print to run into the fold or where the publication might be stapled. However, when the two pages meet in the middle like 8 and 9 in our example, this isn't a concern because both pages appear right next to each other and lie relatively flat. In a double truck, the text and images on the pages typically cross over the fold. This can create some eye-catching visual effects. For example, newspaper often use a double truck to display large illustrations, graphics, maps or photo collages, often in full color. Often double trucks are saved for special reports or in-depth graphical elements. In addition, it is also possible to produce double truck advertisements, which are quite eye-catching as well. Typically advertisers pay a premium price for such ads. Although newspapers are most frequently published with page counts in multiples of four, it is possible to achieve other page counts. To do this, a sheet of paper with only one page on each side is added in the center of the newspaper. This sheet is half the size of a normal sheet because it doesn't have a mate next to it on each side. This page, called a "dink," or “dinky”, is nestled between the double truck. In most cases under this arrangement, the double truck pages would be treated as two separate pages with no graphics or text overlapping because of the additional pages between the two would-be double truck pages. However, note that even with a dink, newspapers can never be an odd number of pages. Dinks are generally not used in magazines or bound publications because they cannot be held in place. The name "double truck" comes from the days when the heavy forms for newspaper pages, largely filled with lead type, were rolled around the composing room floor on heavy carts called trucks. Two pages for one project meant a double truck.Double TruckIn color management, an ICC profile is a set of data that characterizes a color input or output device, or a color space, according to standards promulgated by the International Color Consortium (ICC). Profiles describe the color attributes of a particular device or viewing requirement by defining a mapping between the device source or target color space and a profile connection space (PCS). This PCS is either CIELAB (L*a*b*) or CIEXYZ. Mappings may be specified using tables, to which interpolation is applied, or through a series of parameters for transformations. Every device that prints, captures or displays color can have its own profile. Some manufacturers provide profiles for their products, and there are several products that allow end users to generate their own color profile, typically through the use of a colorimeter or preferably a spectrophotometer. The ICC defines the format precisely but does not define algorithms or processing details. This means there is room for variation between different applications and systems that work with ICC profiles. As of 2009, the current version of the ICC profile specification is v4.2.ICC Profile